Columbus State Introduction to Psychology Exam 1 Practice

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which term refers to the physiological adaptation to a drug, where stopping use leads to withdrawal symptoms?
• Which category of psychoactive drugs slows the central nervous system?
• Which neurons in the visual system respond to specific features of a stimulus such as edges or motion?
• Which approach emphasizes human potential and self-determination?
• What are the threadlike structures in cells that carry genetic information and come in 23 pairs?
• Which term describes the outer layer of the brain responsible for the most complex mental functions, such as thinking and planning?
• Which term refers to a state of heightened suggestibility and altered attention, often used in therapeutic contexts?
• Which term describes the strong emotional craving to use a drug for mood-related reasons such as well-being?
• Which psychological approach centers on evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection to explain specific human behaviors?
• Which term describes the need to take increasing amounts of a drug to achieve the same effect?
• Which neurotransmitter is known for learning and memory and is widely distributed in the CNS and PNS?
• What is the process of receiving stimulus energies from the external environment and transforming them into neural energy called?
• The body system that carries messages to and from the body's internal organs and regulates automatic functions such as breathing and digestion is the
• Which part of the neuron carries information away from the cell body toward other cells?
• Which region is located in the left hemisphere and is involved in control of speech?
• Which hemisphere is primarily associated with language functions such as speech and grammar?
• What term describes drugs that act on the nervous system to alter consciousness, perception, and mood?
• Which portion of the left hemisphere is involved in understanding language; damage to this area can cause hearing words but not understanding what they mean?
• Which approach studies behavior as a response to environmental stimuli, highlighting observable actions?
• Which group is designed to be as similar as possible to the experimental group but does not receive the manipulated factor?
• Part of the neuron that contains the nucleus, which directs the manufacture of substances that the neuron needs for growth and maintenance
• Which system is primarily responsible for the fight-or-flight response?
• What are the sensory receptors of the ear whose movement against the tectorial membrane generates neural impulses?
• What is the term for the brain and spinal cord, where more than 99% of nerve cells reside?
• Which theory posits color perception results from opponent neural processes that encode red-green and blue-yellow contrasts?
• Which nerves convey information from the skin and muscles to the CNS about pain and temperature?
• What is the outcome that can change in response to manipulation of the independent variable?
• Which theory posits that dreams reflect the brain's attempts to organize random neural activity by weaving it into a narrative?
• Which research method involves an in-depth study of a single individual?
• Which nervous system component links the CNS to the rest of the body and executes neural commands?
• Which structure serves as a major relay station for incoming sensory information heading to the cortex?
• According to Freud, the surface storyline of a dream that disguises its true meaning is called what?
• Neurons in the brain's visual system that respond to particular features of a stimulus are called what?
• Which option best defines psychoactive drugs?
• Which left-hemisphere region is involved in understanding language; damage results in a person not understanding the meaning of words?
• Which region in the cerebral cortex behind the frontal lobes processes information about voluntary movement?
• Which forebrain structure sits at the top of the brain stem and serves as an important relay station?
• What is the term for the smallest detectable difference between two stimuli?
• What describes the units of hereditary information that are short segments of chromosomes?
• Which set of subcortical brain structures is central to emotion, memory, and reward processing?
• What term refers to an in-depth look at a single individual?
• The network of nerves that connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body is called what?
• Which method involves observing what people do in their natural environment and keeping careful notes about what's observed?
• What is the neural structure that enables information to flow between the two cerebral hemispheres?
• Which region dominates in processing nonverbal information such as spatial perception, visual recognition, and emotion?
• The idea that color vision arises from three kinds of cone receptors, each tuned to different wavelengths, is known as
• Which structure begins where the spinal cord enters the skull and controls vital functions such as breathing and heart rate?
• Which approach seeks to identify the basic elements of mental processes?
• Which term describes the brain's capacity to change in response to experience?
• What term refers to the unconscious mind and the analysis of dream symbols revealing hidden desires?
• What is the chemical that transmits signals across a synapse to the next neuron?
• Which approach highlights positive qualities, personal growth, and freedom to choose one's destiny?
• Act of focusing on a specific aspect of experience while ignoring others?
• Which research approach is used to examine whether two variables change together, without manipulating either variable?
• Which lobe is located behind the forehead and governs personality, intelligence, and the control of voluntary muscles?
• Which almond-shaped structure within the base of the temporal lobe is involved in discrimination of objects necessary for survival?
• Which limbic structure is primarily involved in encoding new memories?
• Which region in the left hemisphere is involved in the control of speech?
• Psychoactive drugs that slow down mental and physical activity are called what?
• What method did early structuralists use to study the contents of the mind?
• What is the thick band of axons that connects the brain's two hemispheres called?
• Which concept is a testable statement derived from a theory?
• An altered state of consciousness or heightened receptivity to suggestion in which a person is unusually responsive is called what?
• What term describes the tiny gaps between neurons?
• Which theory proposes that dreaming results from the cerebral cortex synthesizing neural signals from lower brain regions as the brain seeks to make sense of random activity?
• Receptor cells in the retina that allow for color perception are called
• The body's response to stressors; responses of individuals to environmental stressors
• Which category of psychoactive drugs increases central nervous system activity, including caffeine and cocaine?
• Endorphins are natural opiates that shield the body from pain and elevate mood. Which option lists a neurotransmitter family correctly?
• What are chemical substances stored in tiny sacs within a neuron's terminal buttons and involved in transmitting information across a synaptic gap called?
• Which brain region coordinates balance and smooth, precise movements?
• Amplitude is measured in decibels (dB), representing the amount of pressure a sound wave produces relative to a standard. Loudness is the perception of this amplitude. This describes
• Which approach emphasizes the scientific study of observable behavior and environmental influences?
• Which theory suggests that dreaming can be understood by applying cognitive concepts used in studying the waking mind?
• Which part of the forebrain forms the outer layer of the brain and is responsible for the most complex mental functions such as thinking and planning?
• Which lobe is located at the top and toward the rear of the head and is involved in registering spatial location, attention, and motor control?
• Which area in the brain's left hemisphere is involved in the control of speech?
• Which part of the ear is a tubular, fluid-filled structure coiled like a snail that houses the sensory organ for hearing?
• Which principle organizes the perceptual field into stimuli that stand out (figure) and those left over (ground)?
• Which retinal receptors are more active in low-light conditions and provide vision that is not color-sensitive?
• What term describes a substance that mimics or increases the effects of a neurotransmitter?
• Which group receives the treatment under study?
• Which approach would consider hormones and brain structures as influencing actions and moods?
• Which psychologist founded functionalism, focusing on the purpose of mental processes and behavior in adapting to the environment?
• Which term best describes perceiving stimuli as organized into wholes rather than as separate parts?
• Which two structures are principal components of the limbic system?
• The change in the responsiveness of the sensory system based on the average level of surrounding stimuli is called
• What term describes the detection of information below the level of conscious awareness?
• Which system carries out commands of the CNS to activate muscles and glands?
• Which neurotransmitter helps to control voluntary movement and effects sleep, mood, attention, learning, and the ability to recognize rewards in the environment; related to personality trait extraversion?
• Which part of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for action and is involved in stress?
• What is the term for the adaptive process that reduces a drug's effect, leading to needing more to achieve the same result?
• Which part of the brain coordinates movement and is located at the rear of the hindbrain?
• What is a testable prediction that derives logically from a theory?
• Which region located at the back of the head responds to visual stimuli?
• Which approach studies mental processes such as attention, perception, memory, and problem solving?
• Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons and orients it toward the cell body?
• Which subdivision calms the body?
• Which term describes the strong emotional desire to repeat drug use for emotional reasons such as a feeling of well-being?
• The term for the body's overall response to perceived demands or threats?
• Which method is associated with studying the elements and structure of consciousness through self-reflection?
• Receptor cells in the retina that are sensitive to light but not very useful for color vision are called
• Which term refers to the remembered surface content of a dream?
• Depth cues that depend on the combination of the images in the left and right eyes and on the way the two eyes work together are called what?
• Which approach focuses on mental processes involved in knowing, such as attention, perception, memory, and problem solving?
• Thomas Young (1802) and Herman von Helmholtz (1852) proposed a theory of color perception based on three cone receptors in the retina. This theory is known as
• What is the minimum amount of stimulus energy that a person can detect called?
• What term refers to a broad idea or set of closely related ideas that explains observations and predicts future observations?
• Which psychoactive substance class alters perception and can produce hallucinations?
• Which approach examines the ways in which social and cultural environments influence bad behavior?
• The decibel is a unit used to quantify which property of a sound?
• According to Freud, the dream's hidden content and true meaning is called what?
• One of two types of cells in the nervous system; neurons are the nerve cells that handle the information-processing function
• What is the brief wave of positive electrical charge that sweeps down the axon called?
• Which sleep disorder is characterized by difficulty falling asleep, waking during the night, or waking up too early?
• Psychoactive drugs that modify perceptual experiences and produce visual images that are not real are known as what?
• Psychoactive drugs, including caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine, that increase the central nervous system's activity are called what?
• Which neurotransmitter inhibits firing of neurons in the CNS, but excites the heart muscle, intestines, and urogenital tract; stress triggers release?
• What is the term for the situation where participants' expectations produce an outcome?
• Which assessment method presents a standard set of questions to obtain people's self-reported attitudes or beliefs about a topic?
• What complex molecule within chromosomes carries genetic information?
• Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with mood regulation and is linked to depression when its levels are imbalanced?
• Which concept outlines the five steps scientists use to study mind and behavior: observe phenomena, formulate hypotheses and predictions, test through empirical research, draw conclusions, and evaluate conclusions?
• Which approach emphasizes unconscious thought and the conflicts between drives and society's demands, often rooted in early childhood?
• What term refers to units of hereditary information that are short segments of chromosomes composed of DNA?
• Which brain structure is a stemlike area that connects to the spinal cord and encases the reticular formation?
• What is the term for the ability to perceive objects in three dimensions?
• Which approach focuses on the body, brain, and nervous system?
• Which approach would focus on adaptation and natural selection as explanations for behavior?
• Regulation of sleep and wakefulness, teams with actylcholine and norepinephrine; lower levels associated with depression.
• Which side of the brain is primarily involved in language and grammar processing?
• Which structure in the limbic system has a special role in the storage of memories?
• Which neurotransmitter is primarily inhibitory in the CNS and linked to anxiety when levels are low?
• Depth cues available from the image in one eye are called what?
• Circumstances and events that threaten individuals and tax their coping abilities and cause physiological changes
• Which theory, associated with Freud, explains personality structure and the method of psychoanalysis used to treat psychopathology?
• What is the network of nerves that connects the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body and carries out commands of the CNS?
• Which region processes information about body sensations, located at the front of the parietal lobes?
• Treelike fibers projecting from a neuron, which receive information and orient it toward the neuron's cell body
• Which sleep disorder is defined by sudden, overpowering urge to sleep?
• Which depth cue depends on the two eyes working together and includes cues such as disparity and convergence?
• Which neurotransmitter is found throughout the CNS and helps to keep many neurons from firing; low levels linked with anxiety?
• What is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information so that it makes sense?
• Which small forebrain structure below the thalamus monitors eating, drinking, and sex as well as emotion, stress and reward?
• Which term describes the separation of a visual field into a figure that stands out from the background?
• What is the minimum amount of stimulus energy required for detection?
• In an experiment, what term describes the baseline group that does not receive the manipulated factor?
• What is the manipulated factor in an experiment called?
• Which research description defines observing and describing a phenomenon, determining its dimensions, defining what it is and how often it occurs, and using methods such as observation, surveys, interviews, and case studies?
• Depth cues that rely on the image from a single eye are called what?
• Which approach is primarily concerned with the functions and purposes of the mind and behavior in adaptation to the environment?
• What term describes the research method used to determine causal relationships by manipulating variables?
• Wavelength determines the sound wave's frequency, which is the basis for pitch. Pitch is the perceptual experience of the frequency. Which term best captures this relationship?
• Which theory states that cells in the visual system respond to complementary pairs of red-green and blue-yellow colors, with excitation by one color and inhibition by its opponent?
• Which school of thought is interested in how people naturally organize their perceptions according to certain patterns?
• Which component contains the nucleus and directs growth and maintenance of the neuron?
• Which term describes the outer layer of the brain responsible for the most complex mental functions, such as thinking and planning?
• Which approach would primarily consider cultural norms and social context in behavior?
• The wavelength of light that is reflected from a stimulus determines its hue or color. Which term best captures this idea?
• Which lobe behind the ears is involved in hearing, language, processing and memory?
• Which term refers to the hidden content of a dream, representing unconscious wishes?
• Approximately 99% of all nerve cells are located in which part of the nervous system?
• Which term describes the category of drugs that slow brain activity and cause drowsiness?
• Which small forebrain structure just below the thalamus monitors eating, drinking, sex, and emotion, stress and reward?
• What specialized cells detect stimulus information and transmit it to sensory nerves and the brain?
• Which neurotransmitter is associated with reward, movement, and extraversion?
• The height of light waves determines the brightness of a stimulus. This property is known as
• Which structure is a multilayered light-sensitive surface in the eye that records electromagnetic energy and converts it to neural impulses?
• Which term encompasses substances that alter mood, perception, and consciousness by acting on the nervous system?
• Who is considered the father of psychology and is associated with structuralism?
• Which neurotransmitter stimulates the firing of neurons and is involved in the action of muscles, learning and memory; found throughout the CNS and PNS?
• In human cells, what are the threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs and contain DNA?
• Which photoreceptors are primarily responsible for color vision in the retina?
• What is the layer of fat cells that encases and insulates most axons called?
• The brain's special capacity for change
• Which term refers to the body's electrochemical communication circuitry?
• Which term refers to the physiological need for a drug that causes withdrawal symptoms when discontinued?
• Which sleep disorder involves the windpipe not opening or brain processes failing to regulate breathing during sleep?
• Which type of research examines the relationships between variables to see how two variables change together?
• In experimental studies, how are participants assigned to groups?